Portable Appliance Testing — PAT testing — is the process of checking portable electrical equipment to ensure it is safe to use. Despite widespread misconceptions, PAT testing is not a legal requirement for most landlords — but it is good practice and may be required by your insurance policy.
What Is PAT Testing?
PAT testing involves a combination of visual inspection and electrical tests on portable appliances — anything with a plug that can be moved around. Tests typically include:
- Earth continuity test
- Insulation resistance test
- Functional test
Each item is labelled with a pass or fail sticker and the results recorded.
Is PAT Testing a Legal Requirement?
For residential landlords — there is no specific legal requirement to PAT test portable appliances provided in a rental property. However, landlords have a general duty of care under the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 to maintain electrical equipment in a safe condition. PAT testing demonstrates due diligence.
For businesses — the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 require that all electrical equipment is maintained in a safe condition. PAT testing is the recognised way to demonstrate compliance, though the frequency and method are at the employer's discretion based on risk assessment.
For new builds and developments — all portable appliances supplied as part of a development should be tested before handover.
How Often Should PAT Testing Be Done?
There is no legally prescribed frequency. The IET Code of Practice for In-Service Inspection and Testing of Electrical Equipment recommends intervals based on risk:
| Environment | Suggested interval |
|---|---|
| Office equipment (low use) | 4–5 years |
| Office equipment (heavy use) | 2 years |
| Rental accommodation appliances | 1–2 years |
| Construction site equipment | 3 months |
| Kitchen equipment (commercial) | 1 year |
What Doesn't Need PAT Testing?
Fixed appliances — cookers, immersion heaters, built-in appliances — are not portable appliances and are not subject to PAT testing. These are covered by the EICR process.
Very low-risk equipment (double-insulated, light duty) in a low-risk environment may not require regular testing.
PAT vs EICR — What's the Difference?
- EICR (Electrical Installation Condition Report) — tests the fixed wiring, consumer unit and fixed electrical installation
- PAT testing — tests portable electrical appliances (those with a plug)
Both are important, but they cover different things. An EICR does not cover portable appliances, and PAT testing doesn't cover fixed wiring.
Onyx Electrical Solutions carries out EICRs and can advise on PAT testing requirements across Greater Manchester. Call 07000 000000.